Restless leg syndrome (RLS) in end stage renal disease

  • Samara Siddique Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Waqas Amin Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Sahira Aaraj Pediatric Department, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Tooba Fatima Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Yasir Imran Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Asif Islam Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/Vol5.Iss1.187
Keywords: End Stage Renal Disease, Restless legs Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: End stage Renal Disease refers to permanent, irreversible loss of renal functions due to variety of underlying disorders. The condition is quite prevalent in our part of the world. The occurrence of Restless legs syndrome (RLS) in such patients, especially those on hemodialysis, surpasses that in the general population. RLS significantly blemishes their quality of life. The syndrome has subtle and nonspecific symptoms which are commonly neglected in dialysis centers. The study aims to determine the frequency of restless leg syndrome in patients of advanced renal disease.

Methodology: A Cross Sectional Study conducted at Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital Lahore from Dec 2018 to June 2019 (6 months). Patients of 20-80 years of age and of both genders, diagnosed as ESRD for ≥3 months were enrolled and evaluated for RLS. The condition was diagnosed as per International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. The demographic data (age, gender, BMI and duration of symptoms) was recorded. History of smoking, alcohol use and chronicity of disease was also noted. Mean and percentages were calculated. Chi-Square test was applied. p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Total of 75 patients were enrolled. Males were 54 (72.0%) while 21 (28.0%) were females. Mean age was 47.3±13.1(22-73) years. RLS was observed in 29 (38.7%) cases. Age, gender, duration of illness, smoking and alcohol consumption had no significant association with RLS (p values 0.642, 0.669, 0.208, 0.245, 0.565, 0.745) respectively.

Conclusion: Restless legs syndrome is frequently encountered condition in ESRD patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Samara Siddique, Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Waqas Amin, Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

Medical Officer

Sahira Aaraj, Pediatric Department, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Tooba Fatima, Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

Medical Officer

Yasir Imran, Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Asif Islam, Dept. of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

Senior Registrar

References

Lv JC, Zhang LX. Prevalence and Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1165:3-15.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1.

Hasan M, Sutradhar I, Gupta RD, Sarker M. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in South Asia: a systematic review. BMC Nephrol. 2018; 19(1):1-2.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-1072-5

Imtiaz S, Salman B, Qureshi R, Drohlia MF, Ahmad A. A review of the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in Pakistan: A global and regional perspective. Saudi J Kidney Dis Tran. 2018; 29(6):1441.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.013

Nawaz MS, Nawaz MS, Shah K, Mustafa Z, Ahmed A. Ahmed HS et al. Prevalence and determinants of restless leg syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Pakistan, Diabetes Metab Syndr: Clin Res Rev, 2021; 15 (2): 525-528.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.013

Arora P. Chronic Kidney disease. Medscape reference. Updated 2021 April. Available from: https://reference.medscape.com/guide/nephrology

Salib M, Memon A N, Gowda A S, Rallabandhi B, Bidika E. Fayyaz H. et al. Dialysis Patients with Restless Leg Syndrome: Can We Relieve Their Suffering? Cureus 2020; 12(8): e10053.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10053

Bozorg Am and Benbadis SR. What are the IRLSSG diagnostic criteria for restless legs syndrome (RLS)? Medscape reference 2017; Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188327

Vanholder R, Fouque D, Glorieux G, Heine GH, Kanbay M, Mallamaci F, et al. Clinical management of the uraemic syndrome in chronic kidney disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016; 4(4):360-73.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00033-4

Wali SO, Alkhouli AF. Restless legs syndrome among Saudi end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Saudi Med J. 2015; 36(2):204.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.2.10036

Calviño J, Cigarrán S, Gonzalez-Tabares L, Guijarro M, Millán B, Cobelo C, et al. Restless legs syndrome: an unresolved uremic disorder after renal transplantation. Nephron. 2018; 139(1):23-9.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000486401

Haider I, Anees M, Shahid SA. Restless legs syndrome in end stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2014; 30(6):1209.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.306.5691

Safdar M, Mahmud SN. Frequency of Restless Leg Syndrome in End Stage Renal Disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and its association with Diabetes Mellitus. Rawal Med J. 2015; 40(3):273-6.

Revised IRLSSG Diagnostic Criteria for RLS. International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). 2017.

Fereshtehnejad SM, Rahmani A, Shafieesabet M, Soori M, Delbari A, Motamed MR, et al. Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran. PloS one. 2017; 12(2):e0172593.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172593

Kim TJ, Yoon JE, Park JA, Lee SK, Chu MK, Yang KI, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of restless legs syndrome in Korean adults: a study in two independent samples of the general population. Neuroepidemiology. 2019; 52(3-4):193-204.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000496839

Baiardi S, Mondini S, Baldi AA, Santoro A and Cirignotta F. Survival of Dialysis Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: A 15-Year Follow-Up Study. Am J Nephrol. 2017; 46:224-230

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000479938

Picchietti DL, Van Den Eeden SK, Inoue Y, Berger K. Achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of epidemiologic research in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med. 2017; 31:3-9.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.06.007

Doan TT, Koo BB, Ogilvie RP, Redline S, Lutsey PL. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements during sleep in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Sleep. 2018; 41(8):zsy106.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy106

Calviño J, Cigarrán S, Lopez LM, Martinez A, Sobrido MJ. Restless legs syndrome in non-dialysis renal patients: Is it really that common?. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015; 11(1):57-60.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4366

Sahli ZT, Jo J, Mousa SA, Tarazi FI. Clinical management of restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients. CNS Spectr. 2017; 22(1):14-21.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285291600064X

Lin XW, Zhang JF, Qiu MY, Ni LY, Yu HL, Kuo SH, et al. Restless legs syndrome in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. BMC Neurol. 2019;1 9(1):1-7.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1265-y

Gopaluni S, Sherif M, Ahmadouk NA. Interventions for chronic kidney disease‐associated restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016(11).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010690.pub

Ramachandran P, Devaraj U, Sebastian S, Krishnaswamy UM, D’Souza GA. Restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis: Does peripheral iron status matter?. Ann Mov. Disord. 2018; 1(1):39.

DOI: 10.4103/AOMD.AOMD_1_18

Saraji NZ, Hami M, Boostani R, Mojahedi MJ. Restless leg syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients in Mashhad hemodialysis centers. J Ren Inj Prev. 2017; 6(2):137.

DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.27

Published
2022-09-03
How to Cite
1.
Siddique S, Amin W, Aaraj S, Fatima T, Imran Y, Islam A. Restless leg syndrome (RLS) in end stage renal disease. JSTMU [Internet]. 3Sep.2022 [cited 15May2024];5(1):28-1. Available from: https://j.stmu.edu.pk/ojs/index.php/jstmu/article/view/187
Issue
Vol 5 No 1 (2022): Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University
Section
Original Article

Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University (JSTMU) is the owner of all copyright to any work published in the journal. Any material printed in JSTMU may not be reproduced without the permission of the editors or publisher. The Journal accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing and/or decision in this journal. The Editorial Board makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in the journal. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Editorial Board or JSTMU.  

 Creative Commons Licence
Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.