Frequency and pattern of female genital tract malignancies in patients presenting with gynecological problems

Ayesha Ismail; Maliha Annum Muhammed; Islam Bano; Sofia Naz; Syeda Tahira Sherazi

doi:10.32593/jstmu/Vol6.Iss2.263

Ayesha Ismail Medical Officer, Provincial Health Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Maliha Annum Muhammed Consultant Gynecologist, Department of ObGyn, Ayesha Sakeena Medical Complex, Raiwind, Lahore, Pakistan
Islam Bano Assistant Professor, Department of ObGyn, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Sofia Naz Senior Registrar, Department of ObGyn, Combined Military Hospital, Pano Aqil, Pakistan
Syeda Tahira Sherazi Consultant Gynecologist, Department of ObGyn, District Head Quarter Hospital, Kasur, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/Vol6.Iss2.263

Keywords: Female genital tract malignancies, Cervical Carcinoma, Ovarian Carcinoma, Endometrial Carcinoma, Vaginal Carcinoma

Abstract

Introduction: Significant morbidity and mortality is caused by cancers in women all over the world. Cancers of the female reproductive organs are called genital tract cancers. They include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, vaginal carcinoma, cancer of the fallopian tubes and gestational trophoblastic tumor. After breast carcinomas, they account for the second most common carcinomas in females.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2022. After taking written informed consent, 256 patients presenting to Gynae A Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, were included in the study. Patients with a history of menstrual irregularities, vaginal bleeding, abdominopelvic pain or mass were included, while those presenting with other gynecological problems were excluded. The confirmed diagnosis was made based on histopathology reports by the consultant pathologist of the laboratory in the hospital after the patient's surgery.

Results: Out of the 256 patients, 30 (11.71%) had female genital tract malignancies. The mean age was 48.79 years, and the standard deviation was 12.93 years. 17 patients (56.66%) had ovarian cancer, 5 (16.66%) had cervical cancer, 7 (23.33%) had endometrial cancer, and 1 (3.33%) had vaginal cancer. Ovarian cancer was the most common (56.66%), followed by endometrial cancer. Serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary was the most frequent type (26.66%).

Conclusion: The percentage of female genital tract malignancies in patients with gynecological problems is relatively high with serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary being the most common malignancy. Developing and implementing an effective policy regarding early cancer detection is necessary.

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