Ultrasonographic assessment of hydronephrosis in adults and children: Experience from a tertiary care hospital

Smeera Ahmed; Sahira Aaraj; Nadia Hanif; Wajeeha Akbar; Uzma Habib; Samara Sidique

doi:10.32593/jstmu/Vol7.Iss1.292

Smeera Ahmed Department of Radiology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Sahira Aaraj Department of Pediatrics, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-0926
Nadia Hanif , Department of Radiology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Wajeeha Akbar Department of Radiology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Uzma Habib Department of Radiology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Samara Sidique Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, KEMU, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/Vol7.Iss1.292

Keywords: Hydronephrosis, Etiology, Ultrasound, Renal calculi, Pediatric

Abstract

Introduction: Hydronephrosis (HN) refers to the dilation of the pelvicalyceal system. The current study aims to evaluate various presentations and causes of HN in children and adults with the help of ultrasound (US) as the primary diagnostic modality.

Methodology: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan on patients between 0-70 years of age, who were diagnosed with HN in the US. Data was collected using self-designed proforma including gender, age, symptomatology, and anthropometry. Percentages and frequencies were calculated for categorical data. chi-square test was applied to compare urinary calculi in gender, age, BMI, and side.

Results: The total number of patients was 73. The mean age was 31 years. Adults were 74% (54) while 26% (19) were of the pediatric age group. Males were 67.6% (50) and 31.5%(23) were females. Lumbar pain was the commonest presenting complaint. Hydronephrosis was bilateral in 20.5%(15), 43.8% (32) in the left and in the right kidney (35.6%) 26. In adult patients, renal calculi were the commonest cause of 69.9%(51) of HN. In the case of children, PUJ obstruction and renal calculi were equally common 31.6%(6) each. The ureter was the most common site of calculi 35.6% (26). A significant association was found between HN with side of involvement (p-value < 0.001) and age of the patient (0.041).

Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging is helpful in the diagnosis, determination of etiology, and grading of hydronephrosis. Ureteric calculi is the most frequent cause of hydronephrosis followed by pelvic ureteric junction obstruction.

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Author Biographies

Smeera Ahmed, Department of Radiology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Consultant Radiologist / Assistant Professor

Sahira Aaraj, Department of Pediatrics, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan

Associate Professor / Consultant Child Specialist

Nadia Hanif, , Department of Radiology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Consultant Radiologist / Associate Professor

Wajeeha Akbar, Department of Radiology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Senior Registrar

Uzma Habib, Department of Radiology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Associate Professor

Samara Sidique, Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, KEMU, Lahore, Pakistan

Medical specialist / Assistant Professor

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