Exploring the demographic variables, disease burden, and pharmacotherapy in diabetes type II and related co-morbidities: Insights for tailored healthcare strategies

Anina Qureshi; Ihsan Shah; Quran Ul Ain; Saleha Haider; Arfa Saqib

doi:10.32593/jstmu/Vol7.Iss2.352

Anina Qureshi Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Ihsan Shah Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Quran Ul Ain Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Saleha Haider Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Arfa Saqib Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/Vol7.Iss2.352

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Healthcare disparities, OHD (Oral hypoglycemic drugs), Therapeutic interventions, Treatment outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder with significant implications for public health, particularly in developing countries. Its management involves combination of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications. This study aims to explore demographic factors, disease burden, and pharmacotherapy patterns providing insights into current practices and areas for improvement in healthcare delivery.

Methodology: This study investigates prescribing patterns and indicators of diabetes management in outpatients in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The study collected recent prescriptions and brief verbal past histories from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age, gender, HbA1c, blood pressure, blood sugar level, and present complaints of prescribing indicators were analyzed, including average number of drugs/prescriptions, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics or injections, percentage of drugs from Essential Medicine Lists, and average drug cost per prescription.

Results: 64% of females and 36% of males have Diabetes mellitus type 2, positive correlation between blood sugar level, blood pressure, and cholesterol level. The outcome of prescription analysis shows a significant association p=.043 p≤0.05 of blood sugar level for diabetes mellitus 2, Prescription shows pharmacological treatment up to some extent according to the WHO-defined protocols. Furthermore, 35% usage of metformin shows that metformin is prescribed relatively less than second-generation sulfonylurea (preferably gliclazide) metformin.

Conclusion: Preferably, gliclazide is prescribed to patients with inadequately controlled glycemia on metformin when metformin alone fails to control glycemia. These findings provide insights into current practices and highlight areas for potential improvement in diabetes management according to the WHO protocols.

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Author Biographies

Anina Qureshi, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Senior Lecturer, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Ihsan Shah, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Assistant Professor, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Quran Ul Ain, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Senior Lecturer, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Saleha Haider, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Student, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Arfa Saqib, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Student, Margalla College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

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